Last updated: 24 August 2003
PLU Attitudes Survey 2000
Key findings
A survey was conducted in Singapore to gauge attitudes to gay-related issues.
Responses were collected late April and early May 2000.
251 valid responses were
obtained in shopping centres and streetside, and another 240 valid responses were
obtained through the internet. The margin of error for samples of this size is
about 4 to 6 percent.
Only responses from those 16 years old and above, Singapore citizens or
Permanent Residents, were considered valid for the purposes of analysis. [See Survey
Method]
| My brother is
gay, so what?
A large number of Singaporeans would be able to accept a gay
sibling.
46% of streetside respondents and 74% of internet respondents felt that
they would be able to do so, if not immediately, then after a while.
They far
outnumbered those who felt they would not be able to accept (only 26% and 9%
respectively).
|
|
"I would not be able to accept
a brother or sister who is homosexual, even if given time" |
|
|
Streetside
|
Internet
|
|
% disagree or strongly disagree
|
46% |
74% |
|
% neither agree/disagree |
27% |
16% |
|
% agree or strongly agree
|
26% |
9% |
|
Total |
99% |
99% |
|
& no answer |
1% |
1% |
Note: figures may not add to
100%
because of rounding off
|
|
"I would not be able to accept
a son or daughter who is
homosexual, even if given time." |
|
|
Streetside
|
Internet
|
|
%
disagree or strongly disagree
|
41% |
66% |
|
%
neither agree/disagree
|
23%
|
20%
|
|
%
agree or strongly agree
|
35% |
13% |
|
Total
|
98% |
100% |
|
% no answer
|
2% |
0% |
|
Likewise, acceptance rates for homosexual
sons and daughters were also much higher than rejection.
41% of streetside respondents and 66% of internet respondents said they
would be able to accept the fact that their child was gay. This was higher than the
35% and 13%
respectively, who said they would not be able to.
Singaporeans appear to be pragmatic about
the issue. These findings suggest that they value family ties highly, to
the extent that they would accommodate gay siblings and children within the fold.
|
| Hey boss, be fair to all
Another widely-held view is that employers should not discriminate
against gay and lesbian employees.
73% of streetside respondents and 83% of internet respondents
agreed with this position. Singaporeans seem to have a strong attachment
to a sense of fairness.
On a more personal level, a majority said
they would not be uncomfortable working alongside a colleague known to
be gay. 54% of streetside respondents and 78% of on-line respondents
shared this view.
Those who felt they would not be
comfortable alongside a gay colleague were only 22% and 10%
respectively.
|
|
"Companies should
not discriminate against homosexuals in employment and promotion." |
|
|
Streetside
|
Internet
|
|
% disagree or strongly disagree
|
10% |
8% |
|
% neither agree/disagree
|
16% |
8% |
|
% agree or strongly agree
|
73% |
83% |
|
Total
|
99% |
100% |
|
% no answer
|
1% |
0% |
|
|
"Oral sex between adults in
private should not be restricted." |
|
|
Streetside
|
Internet
|
|
% disagree or strongly disagree
|
21% |
4% |
|
% neither agree/disagree
|
24% |
10% |
|
% agree or strongly agree
|
53% |
85% |
|
Total
|
99% |
100% |
|
% no answer
|
1% |
0% |
|
"Oral sex between homosexual
adults in private should not be restricted." |
|
|
Streetside
|
Internet
|
|
% disagree or strongly disagree
|
29% |
16% |
|
% neither agree/disagree
|
30% |
13% |
|
% agree or strongly agree
|
39% |
78% |
|
Total
|
98% |
100% |
|
% no answer
|
2% |
0% |
|
Get
the law out of our mouths
Section 377 of Singapore's Penal Code makes
"carnal intercourse against the order of nature" punishable with
up to life imprisonment.
Although many gay people see this as an
anti-gay piece of legislation, in actual fact, straight men have been
prosecuted under it just as often, since oral and anal sex is considered
"unnatural" under this law.
The survey asked for views about oral sex
"between adults" and "between homosexual adults".
53% of streetside respondents and 85% of
internet respondents agreed that oral sex between adults should not be
restricted.
When "homosexual adults" was
specified, 39% of streetsiders and 78% on-line still felt it should not
be restricted. They outnumbered the 29% and 16% who held the opposite
view. |
| Retire
the censor
A majority of both sets of respondents
agreed that movie censorship is too strict. 59% of streetside, and 78%
of internet respondents agreed with this statement.
But what if relaxation of censorship
meant that more films with gay themes and gay characters got through?
43% of streetside respondents and 75% of internet respondents said they
would be comfortable with that.
This suggests that a large section of
Singaporeans want liberalisation of censorship, and the consequent
greater airing of gay themes would not be objectionable to them.
What the above tests - about oral sex and
film censorship - show is that Singaporeans are mature enough to
recognise that liberalisation includes greater space for gay
Singaporeans.
Roughly 3 in 4 or more of those who want
liberalisation for themselves are not perturbed that the same
liberalisation should be extended to gay persons as well.
|
|
"Movie censorship is too
strict." |
|
|
Streetside
|
Internet
|
|
% disagree or strongly disagree
|
18% |
11% |
|
% neither agree/disagree
|
22% |
11% |
|
% agree or strongly agree
|
59% |
78% |
|
Total
|
98% |
100% |
|
% no answer
|
2% |
0% |
|
"I would be comfortable with
less censorship of homosexual issues in movies." |
|
|
Streetside
|
Internet
|
|
% disagree or strongly disagree
|
22% |
12% |
|
% neither agree/disagree
|
34% |
11% |
|
% agree or strongly agree
|
43% |
75% |
|
Total
|
98% |
99% |
|
% no answer
|
2% |
1% |
|
|
"All Singaporeans should be
treated equally." |
|
|
Streetside
|
Internet
|
|
% disagree or strongly disagree
|
3% |
10% |
|
% neither agree/disagree
|
2% |
3% |
|
% agree or strongly agree
|
95% |
87% |
|
Total
|
100% |
100% |
|
% no answer
|
0% |
0% |
|
"As Singapore becomes a global
city, it should become a more tolerant society." |
|
|
Streetside
|
Internet
|
|
% disagree or strongly disagree
|
3% |
10% |
|
% neither agree/disagree
|
10% |
4% |
|
% agree or strongly agree
|
88% |
86% |
|
Total
|
100% |
100% |
|
% no answer
|
0% |
0% |
|
Equality
and tolerance
The sense that Singaporeans believe in fair
treatment came through strongly in another question. 95% of streetsiders
and 87% from the 'net agreed that all Singaporeans should be treated
equally.
Large majorities (88% and 86% respectively)
felt that Singapore would become a more tolerant society as it globalises.
The seeds of that evolution are already
evident. The same people who would inhabit a "global city"
Singapore are by and large, the same people here now. If they expect
Singapore to become more tolerant, they are in fact saying they expect
themselves to become more tolerant. One wonders if they might then not act
accordingly; that is, if this might not be a self-fulfilling prophesy. |
Gay friends are
important
One of the important factors determining a
person's attitude towards the gay minority is whether one personally knows gay
people, among one's friends or in one's family. There were significant differences in attitudes
found in those who knew gay people personally, compared to those who did not.
This pattern has been found previously in surveys
carried out in the US.
(The following tables are drawn from the
streetside survey only. As there were a few missing answers, the analysis base
was not 251 as above, but 239 persons.)
| "I
would not be comfortable working with a person after I find out he/she is
homosexual." |
Don't
know anyone gay |
Know
one gay person |
Know
more than one gay person |
All
parti-
cipants |
| %
strongly disagree |
6% |
21% |
46% |
20% |
| %
disagree |
36% |
36% |
35% |
36% |
| %
neither |
30% |
27% |
7% |
23% |
| %
agree |
25% |
9% |
9% |
17% |
| %
strongly agree |
4% |
7% |
3% |
4% |
81% of those who knew more than one homosexual
person felt they would not be uncomfortable working alongside a gay person, but
only 42% of those who didn't know anyone gay personally, felt likewise.
The above question was hypothetical.
Responses to gay-related hypothetical questions sometimes hinge on
stereotypes, if any, in the participant's mind. Knowing real gay persons
as friends or relatives has a great impact on stereotypical impressions:
| "Gay
men are 'sissies' and lesbians are 'tomboys'." |
Don't
know anyone gay |
Know
one gay person |
Know
more than one gay person |
All
parti-
cipants |
| %
strongly disagree |
7% |
21% |
35% |
18% |
| %
disagree |
30% |
34% |
29% |
31% |
| %
neither |
31% |
23% |
20% |
26% |
| %
agree |
27% |
11% |
9% |
19% |
| %
strongly agree |
5% |
11% |
7% |
7% |
Only 16% of those who knew 2 or more gay
persons agreed (or strongly agreed) with the stereotypical statement
presented. On the other hand, 32% of those who didn't know anyone
gay, agreed with the stereotype, and another 31% were uncertain or
neutral.
Regarding homosexuality in the family,
| "I
would not be able to accept a brother or sister who is homosexual, even if
given time." |
Don't
know anyone gay |
Know
one gay person |
Know
more than one gay person |
All
parti-
cipants |
| %
strongly disagree |
9% |
18% |
31% |
17% |
| %
disagree |
24% |
36% |
37% |
30% |
| %
neither |
34% |
18% |
22% |
27% |
| %
agree |
24% |
14% |
6% |
17% |
| %
strongly agree |
10% |
14% |
4% |
9% |
68% of those who knew more than one homosexual
person felt they would be able to accept a sibling who was homosexual, compared
to just 33% of those who didn't know anyone gay.
The same pattern is seen again with respect to
gay sons or daughters:
| "I
would not be able to accept a son or daughter who is homosexual, even if
given time." |
Don't
know anyone gay |
Know
one gay person |
Know
more than one gay person |
All
parti-
cipants |
| %
strongly disagree |
7% |
14% |
22% |
13% |
| %
disagree |
21% |
32% |
40% |
28% |
| %
neither |
23% |
25% |
24% |
24% |
| %
agree |
34% |
9% |
7% |
22% |
| %
strongly agree |
15% |
21% |
7% |
14% |
Since the trend, in Singapore and worldwide, is
for gay persons to come out of the closet, so increasingly, Singaporeans will
get to know gay friends and family members in their midst. As indicated by the
above findings, attitudes in the general population are likely then to shift to
being more "liberal" towards gay people as a result.
|