Last updated: 24 August 2003
PLU Attitudes Survey 2000

Key findings

A survey was conducted in Singapore to gauge attitudes to gay-related issues. Responses were collected late April and early May 2000. 

251 valid responses were obtained in shopping centres and streetside, and another 240 valid responses were obtained through the internet. The margin of error for samples of this size is about 4 to 6 percent.

Only responses from those 16 years old and above, Singapore citizens or Permanent Residents, were considered valid for the purposes of analysis. [See Survey Method]

 

My brother is gay, so what? 

A large number of Singaporeans would be able to accept a gay sibling. 

46% of streetside respondents and 74% of internet respondents felt that they would be able to do so, if not immediately, then after a while.

They far outnumbered those who felt they would not be able to accept (only 26% and 9% respectively).

"I would not be able to accept a brother or sister who is homosexual, even if given time"
  Streetside Internet
% disagree or strongly disagree 46% 74%
% neither agree/disagree 27% 16%
% agree or strongly agree 26% 9%
Total 99% 99%
& no answer 1% 1%

Note: figures may not add to 100%
because of rounding off

 

  
"I would not be able to accept  a son or daughter who is  homosexual, even if given time."
  Streetside Internet
% disagree or strongly disagree 41% 66%
% neither agree/disagree 23% 20%
% agree or strongly agree 35% 13%
Total 98% 100%
% no answer 2% 0%

Likewise, acceptance rates for homosexual sons and daughters were also much higher than rejection. 

41% of streetside respondents and 66% of internet respondents said they would be able to accept the fact that their child was gay. This was higher than the 35% and 13% respectively, who said they would not be able to.

Singaporeans appear to be pragmatic about the issue. These findings suggest that they value family ties highly, to the extent that they would accommodate gay siblings and children within the fold.

 

 

Hey boss, be fair to all

Another widely-held view is that employers should not discriminate against gay and lesbian employees.

73% of streetside respondents and 83% of internet respondents agreed with this position. Singaporeans seem to have a strong attachment to a sense of fairness.

On a more personal level, a majority said they would not be uncomfortable working alongside a colleague known to be gay. 54% of streetside respondents and 78% of on-line respondents shared this view. 

Those who felt they would not be comfortable alongside a gay colleague were only 22%  and 10% respectively.

 



"Companies should not discriminate against homosexuals in employment and promotion."
  Streetside Internet
% disagree or strongly disagree 10% 8%
% neither agree/disagree 16% 8%
% agree or strongly agree 73% 83%
Total 99% 100%
% no answer 1% 0%

 

 

"Oral sex between adults in private should not be restricted."
  Streetside Internet
% disagree or strongly disagree 21% 4%
% neither agree/disagree 24% 10%
% agree or strongly agree 53% 85%
Total 99% 100%
% no answer 1% 0%

 

"Oral sex between homosexual adults in private should not be restricted."
  Streetside Internet
% disagree or strongly disagree 29% 16%
% neither agree/disagree 30% 13%
% agree or strongly agree 39% 78%
Total 98% 100%
% no answer 2% 0%

 

Get the law out of our mouths

Section 377 of Singapore's Penal Code makes "carnal intercourse against the order of nature" punishable with up to life imprisonment.

Although many gay people see this as an anti-gay piece of legislation, in actual fact, straight men have been prosecuted under it just as often, since oral and anal sex is considered "unnatural" under this law.

The survey asked for views about oral sex "between adults" and "between homosexual adults".

53% of streetside respondents and 85% of internet respondents agreed that oral sex between adults should not be restricted.

When "homosexual adults" was specified, 39% of streetsiders and 78% on-line still felt it should not be restricted. They outnumbered the 29% and 16% who held the opposite view.

Retire the censor

A majority of both sets of respondents agreed that movie censorship is too strict. 59% of streetside, and 78% of internet respondents agreed with this statement.

But what if relaxation of censorship meant that more films with gay themes and gay characters got through? 43% of streetside respondents and 75% of internet respondents said they would be comfortable with that.

This suggests that a large section of Singaporeans want liberalisation of censorship, and the consequent greater airing of gay themes would not be objectionable to them.

What the above tests - about oral sex and film censorship - show is that Singaporeans are mature enough to recognise that liberalisation includes greater space for gay Singaporeans.

Roughly 3 in 4 or more of those who want liberalisation for themselves are not perturbed that the same liberalisation should be extended to gay persons as well.

 

"Movie censorship is too strict."
  Streetside Internet
% disagree or strongly disagree 18% 11%
% neither agree/disagree 22% 11%
% agree or strongly agree 59% 78%
Total 98% 100%
% no answer 2% 0%

 

"I would be comfortable with less censorship of homosexual issues in movies."
  Streetside Internet
% disagree or strongly disagree 22% 12%
% neither agree/disagree 34% 11%
% agree or strongly agree 43% 75%
Total 98% 99%
% no answer 2% 1%

 

"All Singaporeans should be treated equally."
  Streetside Internet
% disagree or strongly disagree 3% 10%
% neither agree/disagree 2% 3%
% agree or strongly agree 95% 87%
Total 100% 100%
% no answer 0% 0%

 

"As Singapore becomes a global city, it should become a more tolerant society."
  Streetside Internet
% disagree or strongly disagree 3% 10%
% neither agree/disagree 10% 4%
% agree or strongly agree 88% 86%
Total 100% 100%
% no answer 0% 0%

 

Equality and tolerance

The sense that Singaporeans believe in fair treatment came through strongly in another question. 95% of streetsiders and 87% from the 'net agreed that all Singaporeans should be treated equally. 

Large majorities (88% and 86% respectively) felt that Singapore would become a more tolerant society as it globalises.

The seeds of that evolution are already evident. The same people who would inhabit a "global city" Singapore are by and large, the same people here now. If they expect Singapore to become more tolerant, they are in fact saying they expect themselves to become more tolerant. One wonders if they might then not act accordingly; that is, if this might not be a self-fulfilling prophesy.

 

Gay friends are important

One of the important factors determining a person's attitude towards the gay minority is whether one personally knows gay people, among one's friends or in one's family. There were significant differences in attitudes found in those who knew gay people personally, compared to those who did not.

This pattern has been found previously in surveys carried out in the US.

(The following tables are drawn from the streetside survey only. As there were a few missing answers, the analysis base was not 251 as above, but 239 persons.)

 

"I would not be comfortable working with a person after I find out he/she is homosexual." Don't know anyone gay Know one gay person Know more than one gay person All parti-
cipants
% strongly disagree 6% 21% 46% 20%
% disagree 36% 36% 35% 36%
% neither 30% 27% 7% 23%
% agree 25% 9% 9% 17%
% strongly agree 4% 7% 3% 4%

 
81% of those who knew more than one homosexual person felt they would not be uncomfortable working alongside a gay person, but only 42% of those who didn't know anyone gay personally, felt likewise.

The above question was hypothetical. Responses to gay-related hypothetical questions sometimes hinge on stereotypes, if any, in the participant's mind. Knowing real gay persons as friends or relatives has a great impact on stereotypical impressions:

"Gay men are 'sissies' and lesbians are 'tomboys'." Don't know anyone gay Know one gay person Know more than one gay person All parti-
cipants
% strongly disagree 7% 21% 35% 18%
% disagree 30% 34% 29% 31%
% neither 31% 23% 20% 26%
% agree 27% 11% 9% 19%
% strongly agree 5% 11% 7% 7%

Only 16% of those who knew 2 or more gay persons agreed (or strongly agreed) with the stereotypical statement presented.  On the other hand, 32% of those who didn't know anyone gay, agreed with the stereotype, and another 31% were uncertain or neutral.

Regarding homosexuality in the family, 

"I would not be able to accept a brother or sister who is homosexual, even if given time." Don't know anyone gay Know one gay person Know more than one gay person All parti-
cipants
% strongly disagree 9% 18% 31% 17%
% disagree 24% 36% 37% 30%
% neither 34% 18% 22% 27%
% agree 24% 14% 6% 17%
% strongly agree 10% 14% 4% 9%


68% of those who knew more than one homosexual person felt they would be able to accept a sibling who was homosexual, compared to just 33% of those who didn't know anyone gay.

The same pattern is seen again with respect to gay sons or daughters:

"I would not be able to accept a son or daughter who is homosexual, even if given time." Don't know anyone gay Know one gay person Know more than one gay person All parti-
cipants
% strongly disagree 7% 14% 22% 13%
% disagree 21% 32% 40% 28%
% neither 23% 25% 24% 24%
% agree 34% 9% 7% 22%
% strongly agree 15% 21% 7% 14%

Since the trend, in Singapore and worldwide, is for gay persons to come out of the closet, so increasingly, Singaporeans will get to know gay friends and family members in their midst. As indicated by the above findings, attitudes in the general population are likely then to shift to being more "liberal" towards gay people as a result. 

 

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